| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) |
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| Disease Issues |  | Contraindications and Precautions | | | | | Vaccine Recommendations | | Vaccine Safety | | | | | Scheduling and Administering Vaccines | | Storage and Treatment | |
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| Disease Problems |
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| How common is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection? |
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| HPV is the most mutual sexually transmitted infection in the Usa. In the United States, an estimated 79 1000000 persons are infected, and an estimated 14 one thousand thousand new HPV infections occur every year amidst persons historic period 15 through 59 years. Approximately half of new infections occur among persons age 15 through 24 years. First HPV infection occurs inside a few months to years of becoming sexually active. |
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| How serious is affliction acquired past HPV? |
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| Most HPV infections are asymptomatic and go abroad completely on their own within 2 years afterwards infection without causing clinical illness. Some infections are persistent and tin can atomic number 82 to precancerous lesions or cancer. HPV infection caused past certain HPV types cause almost all cases of anogenital warts in women and men and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. |
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| From 2014 through 2018, approximately 46,143 new cases of HPV-associated cancers* occurred each year in the United States (25,719 amongst women and xx,424 among men). Cervical cancer, the most widely known HPV-associated cancer, caused an average of 12,200 cases in the U.S. each year during that fourth dimension. HPV is likewise associated with vulvar, and vaginal cancer in females, penile cancer in males, and anal and oropharyngeal cancer in both females and males. Betwixt 2014 and 2018, oropharyngeal cancers were the most normally occurring HPV-associated cancers, with an average of 20,236 reported cases each year (16,680 among men and iii,556 among women). Come across world wide web.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/statistics/cases.htm for more than information on trends in HPV-associated cancer. |
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| *Notation: CDC defines HPV-associated cancer as cancers at specific anatomic sites with specific cell types in which HPV Deoxyribonucleic acid is frequently found. These parts of the torso include the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and oropharynx. |
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| Which types of HPV are well-nigh likely to cause affliction? |
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| In the United States, approximately 80% of HPV-related cancers are attributable to HPV 16 or xviii which are included in all three HPV vaccines that take been bachelor in the U.Southward. Approximately 12% are attributable to HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 (16% of all HPV-attributable cancers for females; 6% for males; approximately three,800 cases annually), which are included in the ix-valent HPV vaccine. HPV types xvi, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, or 58 business relationship for almost 81% of cervical cancers in the United states. HPV types 6 or 11 cause ninety% of anogenital warts (condylomata) and most cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. |
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| Is there a treatment for HPV infection? |
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| There is no treatment for HPV infection. Only HPV-associated lesions including genital warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, precancers, and cancers are treated. Recommended treatments vary depending on the diagnosis, size, and location of the lesion. Local handling of lesions might not eradicate all HPV containing cells fully; whether bachelor therapies for HPV-associated lesions reduce infectiousness is unclear. |
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| Are healthcare personnel at risk of occupational infection with HPV? |
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| Occupational infection with HPV is possible. Some HPV-associated weather condition (including anogenital and oral warts, anogenital intraepithelial neoplasias, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis) are treated with light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation or electrosurgical procedures that could produce airborne particles. These procedures should be performed in an appropriately ventilated room using standard precautions and local exhaust ventilation. Workers in HPV research laboratories who handle wild-blazon viruses or "quasi virions" might exist at chance of acquiring HPV from occupational exposures. In the laboratory setting, proper infection control should be instituted including, at minimum, biosafety level 2. Whether HPV vaccination would be of benefit in these settings is unclear considering no data be on transmission take chances or vaccine efficacy in this state of affairs. |
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| Can human papillomavirus (HPV) be transmitted by non-sexual transmission routes, such every bit clothing, undergarments, sex toys, or surfaces? |
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| Nonsexual HPV transmission is theoretically possible but has not been definitely demonstrated. This is mainly because HPV can't be cultured and DNA detection from the environs is difficult and probable decumbent to false negative results. |
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| If a person has been infected with a wild-type strain of HPV can they be reinfected with the same strain? |
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- If a person is infected with an HPV strain that does not clear (that is, the person becomes persistently infected) the person cannot be reinfected because they are continuously infected.
- If a person is infected with an HPV strain that clears, some but non all persons will have a lower take a chance of reinfection with the same strain. Data suggest that females are more likely than males to develop immunity subsequently clearance of natural infection.
- Prior infection with an HPV strain does not lessen the adventure of infection with a different HPV strain.
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| Vaccine Recommendations | Back to top | |
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| Please describe the HPV vaccines available in the The states. |
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| Gardasil 9 (9vHPV, Merck) is the only HPV vaccine being distributed in the United States. Bivalent Cervarix (2vHPV, GlaxoSmithKline) and quadrivalent Gardasil (4vHPV, Merck) are no longer being distributed in the Us. |
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| 9vHPV is an inactivated 9-valent vaccine licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014. It contains 7 oncogenic (cancer-causing) HPV types (sixteen, xviii, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) and 2 HPV types that cause most genital warts (6 and 11). The 9vHPV vaccine is licensed for females and males age 9 through 45 years. |
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| What are the recommendations for apply of HPV vaccine in people age ix through 26 years? |
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| The ACIP recommends that routine HPV vaccination be initiated for all children at age 11 or 12 years. Vaccination can exist started as early as age ix years. Vaccination is also recommended for all people age 13 through 26 years who have not been vaccinated previously or who have non completed the vaccination serial. |
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| Are take hold of-upwardly recommendations for the utilize of HPV vaccine different for males and females? |
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| No. In June 2019, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to recommend routine catch-up HPV vaccination of all previously unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated males historic period 22 through 26, the same as the recommendation for females. HPV vaccination recommendations differ past age group. There is one recommendation for people nine through 26 years of historic period and another recommendation for people 27 through 45 years of age. |
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| The nigh electric current ACIP recommendations for HPV vaccine are available at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/pdfs/mm6832a3-H.pdf. |
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| What are the recommendations for utilize of HPV vaccine in people age 27 through 45 years? |
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| Catch-up HPV vaccination is not recommended for all adults older than 26 years of age. Instead, shared clinical decision-making regarding HPV vaccination is recommended for some adults aged 27 through 45 years who are not adequately vaccinated. |
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| Ideally, HPV vaccine should be administered before potential exposure to HPV through sexual contact. |
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| Why is shared clinical conclusion-making (a discussion between the provider and the patient) recommended to decide whether to provide HPV vaccine to an adult age 27 through 45 years? |
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| Although new HPV infections are most commonly acquired in adolescence and immature adulthood, at any age, having a new sex partner is a risk factor for acquiring a new HPV infection. In addition, some persons have specific behavioral or medical risk factors for HPV infection or disease, including men who accept sex with men, transgender persons, and persons with immunocompromising weather. HPV vaccine works to prevent infection amid persons who accept not been exposed to vaccine-type HPV before vaccination. A word with your patient is the all-time manner to decide together how much the patient may do good from HPV vaccination to forestall new HPV infections. |
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| Why is HPV vaccination not routinely recommended for all adults historic period 27 through 45 years? |
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| Because HPV conquering generally occurs soon later on first sex activity, vaccine effectiveness will be lower in older age groups as the consequence of prior infections. In general, exposure to HPV likewise decreases amongst individuals in older age groups. Evidence suggests that although HPV vaccination is safe for adults 27 through 45 years, population benefit would exist minimal; nevertheless, some adults who are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated might exist at run a risk for new HPV infection and might benefit from vaccination in this age range. |
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| Should I screen my patients age 27 through 45 years for previous HPV infection to determine whether to offering them HPV vaccine? |
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| No. No screening laboratory test can determine whether a person is already immune or still susceptible to any given HPV type. Most sexually active adults have been exposed to one or more HPV types, although not necessarily all of the HPV types targeted past vaccination. HPV vaccine works to prevent infection with vaccine types to which a person is still susceptible. |
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| I have a few patients who received their first or second dose of HPV vaccine at age 26 years or younger, simply did not consummate the serial. Should I routinely complete their series after age 26 years, or do I need to utilize the shared clinical decision-making approach? |
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| Complete the serial based on shared clinical decision-making involving the patient�south risk and desire for protection. |
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| What is the routine schedule for HPV vaccine? |
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| ACIP recommends a routine 2-dose HPV vaccine schedule for adolescents who start the vaccination serial earlier the 15th birthday. The ii doses should be separated by 6 to 12 months. The minimum interval betwixt doses is 5 agenda months. |
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| A 3-dose schedule is recommended for all people who outset the series on or later on the 15th birthday and for people with certain immunocompromising conditions (such every bit cancer, HIV infection, or taking immunosuppressive drugs). The second dose should be given 1 to 2 months after the first dose and the 3rd dose vi months after the starting time dose. The minimum interval betwixt the kickoff and second doses of vaccine is 4 weeks. The minimum interval between the second and tertiary doses of vaccine is 12 weeks. The minimum interval between the first and third dose is five calendar months. If the vaccination series is interrupted, the series does not need to be restarted. |
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| I read that HPV vaccination rates are still low. What can we exercise as providers to improve these rates? |
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| Coverage levels for HPV vaccine are improving just are notwithstanding inadequate. Results from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2020 National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) indicate that 77.one% of girls historic period 13 through 17 years had started the series that they should take completed by age xiii years and 61.four% had completed the series. In 2020, 73.1% of boys age 13 through 17 years had received ane dose but only 56% had received all recommended doses. A summary of the 2020 NIS-Teen survey is available at world wide web.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7035a1.htm. |
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| Providers tin can improve uptake of this life-saving vaccine in two main ways. First, studies have shown that missed opportunities are occurring. Up to xc% (depending on year of nascency) of girls unvaccinated for HPV had a healthcare visit where they received another vaccine such every bit Tdap, but not HPV. If HPV vaccine had been administered at the aforementioned visit, vaccination coverage for one or more doses could exist 90% instead of lxx%. 2d, research has shown that not receiving a healthcare provider'due south recommendation for HPV vaccine was 1 of the main reasons parents reported for non vaccinating their adolescent children. |
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| CDC urges healthcare providers to increase the consistency and forcefulness of their recommendation of HPV vaccine, peculiarly when patients are historic period 11 or 12 years. CDC's "Talking to Parents well-nigh HPV Vaccine," available at www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/for-hcp-tipsheet-hpv.pdf can assist providers with these conversations. For more than detailed data about HPV vaccination strategies for providers, visit www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/index.html. |
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| Some parents resist HPV vaccination of their 11- and 12-year-olds because they are not sexually active. How should I counter this position? |
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| Explain to the parent that vaccination starting at 11 or 12 years will provide the best protection possible long before the offset of any kind of sexual activity. Information technology is standard practice to vaccinate people before they are exposed to an infection, as is the case with measles and the other recommended babyhood vaccines. Similarly, we desire to vaccinate children earlier they get exposed to HPV. Studies of HPV vaccine bespeak that younger adolescents respond better to the vaccine than older adolescents and immature adults. Good for you children vaccinated at this age will demand merely two doses of vaccine rather than iii doses if vaccinated at an older age. Finally, numerous enquiry studies take shown that getting the HPV vaccine does non brand kids more than probable to be sexually active or start having sex at a younger age. |
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| Nosotros have several males in our college wellness service whose records point that they received doses of Cervarix. Tin we count these doses equally valid? |
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| No. Cervarix was non approved or recommended for use in males. Doses of Cervarix administered to males should not be counted and demand to be repeated using 9vHPV. |
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| Are additional 9vHPV doses recommended for a person who started a 3-dose series with 2vHPV or 4vHPV and completed the serial with 1 or two doses of 9vHPV? |
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| At that place is no ACIP recommendation for additional doses of 9vHPV for persons who started the 3-dose serial with 2vHPV or 4vHPV and completed the series with 9vHPV. |
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| Does ACIP recommend revaccination with 9vHPV for patients who previously received a 3-dose series of 2vHPV or 4vHPV? |
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| ACIP has not recommended routine revaccination with 9vHPV for persons who have completed a 3-dose series of another HPV vaccine. In that location are data that indicate revaccination with 9vHPV subsequently a three-dose series of 4vHPV is safety. Clinicians should decide if the benefit of immunity against 5 additional oncogenic strains of HPV (which crusade 12% of HPV-attributable cancers) is justified for their patients. |
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| Is apply of HPV vaccine covered nether the Vaccines For Children (VFC) program? |
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| Yes. |
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| Are Pap smears still necessary for women who receive HPV vaccine? |
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| Yes. Vaccinated women withal need to see their healthcare provider for periodic cervical cancer screening. The vaccine does not provide protection against all types of HPV that crusade cervical cancer, so even vaccinated women will still exist at hazard for some cancers from HPV. |
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| Do women and men whose sexual orientation is aforementioned-sex demand HPV vaccine? |
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| Yes. HPV vaccine is recommended for females and males regardless of their sexual orientation. |
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| Should transgender persons receive HPV vaccine? |
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| Yes. ACIP recommends routine HPV vaccination for transgender persons as for all adolescents and young adults through age 26 years. Clinicians should discuss the risks of HPV illness and benefits of HPV vaccination with unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated transgender persons age 27 through 45 years. |
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| What immunocompromising conditions are an indication for a 3-dose HPV schedule? |
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| ACIP recommends vaccination with 3 doses of HPV vaccine for females and males historic period nine through 26 years with chief or secondary immunocompromising conditions that might reduce prison cell-mediated or humoral immunity. Examples include B lymphocyte antibody deficiency, T lymphocyte complete or partial defects, HIV infection, malignant tumour, transplantation, autoimmune disease, or immunosuppressive therapy. |
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| Is asplenia considered to exist an indication for a three-dose HPV schedule? |
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| No. The recommendation for a 3-dose HPV schedule too does not utilise to children 9 through 14 years with asthma, chronic granulomatous disease, chronic liver illness, chronic renal disease, key nervous organization anatomic bulwark defects (such as a cochlear implant), complement deficiency, diabetes, eye disease or sickle prison cell disease unless the person is receiving immunosuppressive therapy for the condition. |
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| If a patient has been sexually active for a number of years, is it even so recommended to requite HPV vaccine or to consummate the HPV vaccine serial? |
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| Yes. HPV vaccine should be administered to people who are already sexually agile. Ideally, patients should be vaccinated earlier onset of sexual activeness; even so, people who have already been infected with one or more HPV types volition still be protected from other HPV types in the vaccine that take not been acquired. |
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| I have a patient who was diagnosed with HPV types 16 and 18. The patient received a properly spaced Gardasil series in 2006 when she was 25 years erstwhile. Did the HPV vaccine she received in 2006 fail to protect her? |
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| In clinical trials, HPV vaccines were shown to exist highly constructive (more 95%) for prevention of HPV vaccine-type infection and disease amidst persons without prior infection with the HPV types included in the vaccine. The virtually likely explanation for this situation is that the patient was exposed to at least HPV types 16 and 18 prior to vaccination. The HPV vaccine is not effective in preventing infection from HPV types a person has been exposed to prior to vaccination. The vaccine also cannot prevent progression of HPV infection or HPV-related disease. The 9vHPV vaccine protects against 9 dissimilar types of HPV. |
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| Will patients who have already had genital warts benefit from receiving HPV vaccine? |
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| A history of genital warts or clinically evident genital warts indicates previous infection with HPV, nigh frequently type half dozen or 11 which cause 90% of genital warts. However, people with this history might not have been infected with both HPV half-dozen and 11 or with the other HPV types included in HPV vaccine. Vaccination will provide protection against infection with HPV serotypes the patient has not already caused. Providers should advise their patients/clients that the vaccine will non take a therapeutic effect on existing HPV infection or genital warts. It is important, however, that patients receive a total historic period-appropriate series of HPV vaccine to become full protection from genital warts, in add-on to the cancer-causing HPV types in the vaccine. |
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| Scheduling and Administering Vaccines | Back to top | |
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| What is the recommended schedule for administering HPV vaccine? |
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| ACIP recommends a routine 2-dose HPV vaccine schedule for adolescents who start the vaccination serial earlier the 15th altogether. The ii doses should exist separated by six to 12 months. The minimum interval betwixt doses is v calendar months. |
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| A 3-dose schedule is recommended for people who kickoff the series on or subsequently the 15th birthday and for people with certain immunocompromising atmospheric condition (such as cancer, HIV infection, or taking immunosuppressive drugs). The 2nd dose should be given one to 2 months after the first dose and the tertiary dose half dozen months after the commencement dose. The minimum interval between the first and 2nd doses of vaccine is iv weeks. The minimum interval between the second and third doses of vaccine is 12 weeks. The minimum interval betwixt the first and 3rd doses is 5 calendar months. If the vaccination series is interrupted, the series does not need to be restarted. |
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| Has ACIP expressed a preference for the 2-dose over the iii-dose schedule for adolescents 9 through 14 years of age? |
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| Yes. ACIP recommends the 2-dose schedule for people starting the HPV vaccination serial before the 15th birthday, every bit long as they are immunocompetent. |
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| If a dose of HPV vaccine is significantly delayed, practise I demand to start the series over? |
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| No, do not restart the series. Yous should go along where the patient left off and complete the serial. |
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| Tin the iv-day "grace menses" be practical to the minimum intervals for HPV vaccine? |
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| Yes. |
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| A xvi year old received the tertiary dose of HPV vaccine 12 weeks later the second dose just merely 4 months afterwards the first dose. Should the tertiary dose exist repeated? |
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| Yep. If an HPV vaccine dose is administered at less than the recommended minimum interval then the dose should be repeated. The echo third dose should be repeated 5 months after the showtime dose or 12 weeks afterward the invalid third dose, whichever is later on. |
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| Does the 2-dose HPV vaccine schedule need to be completed with the same vaccine, or tin information technology include different vaccines (such as bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine)? |
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| The two-dose schedule tin exist completed with any combination of HPV vaccine brands as long as dose #1 was given earlier historic period xv years. Dose #ii should be administered half dozen–12 months afterwards dose #i. |
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| If dose #1 of HPV vaccine was given before the 15th altogether and information technology has been more than than a twelvemonth since that dose was given, would the series be consummate with merely i boosted dose? |
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| Yes. Adolescents and adults who started the HPV vaccine serial prior to the 15th altogether and who are not immunocompromised are considered to be adequately vaccinated with just 1 additional dose of HPV vaccine. |
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| Nosotros take adolescents in our practice who take received the beginning 2 doses of the HPV serial 1 or 2 months apart co-ordinate to the 3-dose schedule. Can we consider their HPV vaccine series to be complete or do we demand to requite these patients a third dose? |
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| People who accept received 2 doses of HPV vaccine separated past less than 5 months should receive a third dose 6�12 months subsequently dose #1 and at least 12 weeks later dose #2. |
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| Is the ii-dose recommendation retroactive for children and teens vaccinated prior to 2016? |
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| Yes. Whatever person who always received 2 doses of any combination of HPV vaccines tin be considered fully vaccinated if dose #ane was given before the 15th altogether and the two doses were separated by at least 5 months. |
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| I work with academy students and many of them miss coming in on time for their next dose of HPV vaccine. What's the longest interval immune earlier we demand to commencement the series over? |
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| No vaccine series needs to be restarted because of an interval that is longer than recommended (with the exception of oral typhoid vaccine in sure circumstances). Y'all should continue the series where information technology was interrupted. |
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| I take read that HPV vaccine should not exist administered during pregnancy. Do we need to perform a pregnancy test prior to administering this vaccine to our patients? Currently, we ask well-nigh pregnancy prior to providing the vaccine. |
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| HPV vaccine is not recommended for employ during pregnancy. HPV vaccines have non been associated causally with adverse outcomes of pregnancy or agin events in the developing fetus. However, if a person is found to be significant after initiating the vaccination series, the remainder of the series should be delayed until completion of pregnancy. Pregnancy testing is not needed before vaccination. |
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| If a vaccine dose has been administered during pregnancy, no intervention is needed. |
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| We inadvertently gave HPV vaccine to a adult female who didn't know she was significant at the time. How should we complete the schedule? |
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| You should withhold further HPV vaccine until she is no longer pregnant. Subsequently the pregnancy is completed, administer the remaining doses of the serial using the usual 2- or 3-dose schedule (depending on the historic period at initiation of the series). |
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| Tin HPV vaccine be administered at the same time every bit other vaccines? |
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| Yes, administration of a unlike inactivated or live vaccine, either at the same visit or at any fourth dimension earlier or afterward HPV vaccine, is acceptable considering HPV is not a alive vaccine. |
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| If HPV vaccine is given subcutaneously instead of intramuscularly, does the dose need to be repeated? |
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| Yes. No data exist on the efficacy or rubber of HPV vaccine given by the subcutaneous road. All data on efficacy and duration of protection are based on a vaccine series administered by the intramuscular route. In the absence of information on subcutaneous administration, CDC and the manufacturer recommend that a dose of HPV vaccine given by whatever route other than intramuscular should exist repeated. There is no minimum interval between the invalid (subcutaneous) dose and the repeat dose. |
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| Contraindications and Precautions | Dorsum to top | |
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| What are the contraindications and precautions to HPV vaccine? |
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Contraindications are the following: - HPV vaccine is contraindicated for persons with a history of firsthand hypersensitivity to whatsoever vaccine component, including yeast.
- The precaution to HPV vaccine is a moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever. Vaccination should be deferred until the condition improves.
HPV vaccines are non recommended for use during pregnancy. If a person is found to be pregnant afterward starting the vaccination series, the remainder of the 2 or iii-dose series (depending on the age of starting time HPV vaccination) should exist delayed until completion of pregnancy. Pregnancy testing is not needed before vaccination. If a vaccine dose has been administered during pregnancy, no intervention is needed. You can find more information about HPV vaccine and pregnancy in the ACIP recommendations at: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6305a1.htm. |
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| If a woman has had HPV infection detected in cervical cancer screening, can she still exist vaccinated? |
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| Yeah. A woman with evidence of present or past HPV infection identified through cervical screening may be vaccinated. Recipients of HPV vaccinations should be counseled that the vaccine volition not have a therapeutic issue on whatsoever existing HPV infections or cervical lesions. |
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| Can a adult female who is breastfeeding receive HPV vaccine? |
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| Yes. |
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| Is the history of an abnormal Pap test a contraindication to the HPV vaccine series? |
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| No. Fifty-fifty a woman found to be infected with a strain of HPV that is present in the vaccine could receive protection from the other strains in the vaccine. |
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| Vaccine Safety | Back to top | |
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| What adverse events tin can be expected post-obit HPV vaccine? |
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| In clinical trials of 9vHPV involving more than 15,000 subjects, the most common adverse event was injection site pain, which was reported in about 90% of recipients. Other local reactions, such as redness and/or swelling, were reported in nearly 40% of recipients. Fever was less common, reported past about 6% of recipients. The rates and severity of adverse reactions post-obit each dose of 9vHPV were similar between boys and girls. |
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| We've heard stories in the media nigh severe reactions to the HPV vaccine. Is in that location any substance to these stories? |
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| No. Since 2006, more than 120 million doses of HPV vaccine have been distributed in the United States. Amidst all reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting Organisation (VAERS) following HPV vaccines, the nearly frequently reported symptoms overall were dizziness; fainting; headache; nausea; fever; and hurting, redness, and swelling in the arm where the shot was given. Of the reports to VAERS, 6% were classified as "serious." Near 22% of the VAERS reports were non related to wellness bug, merely were reported for reasons such equally improper vaccine storage or the vaccine being given to someone for whom it was not recommended. Although deaths have been reported amongst vaccine recipients none has been conclusively shown to accept been acquired past the vaccine. Occurrences of rare conditions, such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) have also been reported among vaccine recipients just there is no show that HPV vaccine increased the charge per unit of GBS to a higher place what is expected in the population. |
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| CDC, working with the FDA and other immunization partners, will proceed to monitor the safety of HPV vaccines. You can discover complete information on this and other vaccine condom issues at www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/vaccines/hpv/hpv-rubber-faqs.html. |
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| Do HPV vaccines cause fainting? |
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| Nearly all vaccines have been reported to be associated with fainting (syncope). Post-vaccination syncope has been near ofttimes reported later three vaccines ordinarily given to adolescents (HPV, MenACWY, and Tdap). However, it is not known whether the vaccines are responsible for post-vaccination syncope or if the association with these vaccines simply reflects the fact that adolescents are generally more than probable to experience syncope. |
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| Syncope tin can cause serious injury. Falls that occur due to syncope after vaccination tin exist prevented by having the vaccinated person seated or lying down. The person should be observed for 15 minutes following vaccination. |
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| How should HPV vaccine exist stored? |
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| HPV vaccine should be stored at refrigerator temperature between ii°C and eight°C (36°F and 46°F). The vaccine must not be frozen and must not be used if it has been frozen. Protect the vaccine from calorie-free. Administer every bit soon equally possible afterward existence removed from refrigeration. The manufacturer parcel insert contains additional information and can be found at www.immunize.org/packageinserts. For complete data on vaccine storage and handling best practices and recommendations delight refer to CDC's Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit at www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/admin/storage/toolkit/storage-handling-toolkit.pdf. |
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